What is waste?

Any material that is a waste product, an effluent, or another surplus material produced during the execution of a process. It also covers any material or item that needs to be thrown away because it is damaged, worn out, infected, or in some other way ruined.

What is Waste management?

The whole process of managing garbage, from generation to disposal, is referred to as waste management or waste disposal. Collection, transportation, treatment, and disposal of waste are all included, along with monitoring and regulation. It also includes the legislative and regulatory framework related to waste management, including recycling recommendations, etc.

Nigeria’s history of waste management

In most Nigerian cities, waste management is a significant environmental concern. The projected waste creation rate in Nigeria is 0.65 to 0.95 kg per inhabitant per day, translating to an average of 42 million tonnes of waste produced yearly. This is more than half of the 62 million tonnes of garbage that are produced in sub-Saharan Africa each year, and the country has a significant challenge in determining where and how to channel these pollutants.

To accomplish a variety of objectives, the Federal Government of Nigeria passed Decree No. 58 on December 30, 1988, creating the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA).

In Nigeria, waste management is one of the key responsibilities of the municipal, state, and federal governments. Municipal garbage management is also handled at the state level by state environmental protection agencies and state waste management organizations. In Nigeria’s large cities and towns, garbage is now controlled by each state’s environmental protection agency and waste management agency.

Municipal garbage is a major source of environmental risks, and as can be shown below, Nigeria has given a unique regulatory system for protection in this area. But the issue still remains: Can Nigeria’s regulatory system handle the problems brought on by the rising rate of trash production?

In Nigeria, there are several statutes and organizations that control how garbage is disposed of and managed. the National Environmental Standards Regulatory and Enforcement Agency (NESREA); the Federal Ministry of Environment; the Ministries of the Environment of the States; the Ministries of Water Resources; the Lagos State Waste Management Authority (LSWMA) and other various state waste management authorities; the States’ Environmental Protection Agencies such as the Lagos State Environmental Protection Agency (LASEPA); and the States’ Waste Disposal Boards.

Waste Management methods in Nigeria

Solid Waste Management

1. Composting

One method for reducing trash is composting. The mechanism suggests a biological method of waste disposal. Microorganisms convert complex organic substances into simpler ones through their metabolic activity.

2. Controlled burying and tipping

Solid trash that is not disposed of or recycled should be recycled. Disposal can be effected in several ways. However, the technique that can permanently separate the waste is the most crucial. Controlled tipping is a strategy that meets this. It is a method for isolating garbage of any kind without having to sift or separate it.

3. Incineration

By converting organic and combustible trash to inorganic, incombustible stuff using a high temperature, dry oxidation process, waste volume and weight are significantly reduced.

Liquid Waste Management methods in Nigeria

Liquid waste management is a methodical approach to the management of operations that ensure the correct processing, treatment, and disposal of liquid waste/wastewater or sewage. The following are some forms of liquid waste management method:

1. Disposal by dilution/ “Self-purification of water bodies”

In certain places, it is normal practice to dump raw sewage into nearby water bodies, such as rivers, streams, etc., in order for the water to dilute or weaken it.

2. Cesspool

A cesspool is a hole excavated in the earth to collect sewage from barns, bathrooms, and kitchens.

3. Septic system

Small housing estates, institutions like schools and hospitals, as well as single-family homes in low-density residential regions, frequently employ septic tanks to handle their wastewater. Toilet waste alone or along with sullage may be present in the wastewater.

Contaminated waste

Blood, pus, urine, feces, and other bodily fluids are examples of contaminated wastes, as are any products that come into touch with them, such as old bandages. Wastes from hospitals (human tissue, blood-soaked sponges, gauze, or cotton), laboratories (blood, feces, sputum, urine samples, and microbiological cultures), and operating rooms should be regarded as contaminated.

Used needles, scalpel blades, and other infected medical equipment can transmit blood-borne illnesses including hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and AIDS. These materials are also regarded as hazardous garbage.

How to get rid of contaminated solid waste

Microorganisms may be present in solid contaminated waste such as surgical specimens, old dressings, and other things contaminated with blood and organic compounds.

STEP 1: Wearing heavy-duty or utility gloves is the first step to taking care of hazardous solid wastes.

STEP 2: Place contaminated solid wastes in a plastic or galvanized metal container with a tight-fitting lid before disposing of them.

STEP 3: Regularly collect the garbage containers, and then move the ones that can be burned to the incinerator or other burning location.

STEP 4: Take off your work gloves (wash daily or when visibly soiled and dry).

How to get rid of contaminated liquid waste

Human tissue, blood, excrement, urine, and other bodily fluids are examples of liquid contaminated waste that needs to be handled carefully since doing so might expose local healthcare professionals to an infectious danger.

STEP 1: Wear personal protection equipment (PPE) (utility gloves, safety goggles, and plastic apron) when handling and moving liquid-contaminated garbage.

STEP 2:  is to gently pour wastes into a utility sink drain or into a flushable toilet, and then rinse the toilet or sink with water to get rid of any leftover wastes. Don’t splash.

STEP 3: is to dispose of liquids in a deep, covered pit rather than into open sewers if there is no sewage system.

STEP 4: involves cleaning the specimen containers after decontaminating them with a 0.5 percent chlorine solution for 10 minutes.

STEP 5: Take off your work gloves (wash daily or when visibly soiled and dry).

STEP 6: Wash and dry hands.

Importance of waste management in Nigeria

1. Recycling and Re-use

Waste management enables the reuse of items that are otherwise discarded. It enables us to address our demands while also preventing ongoing environmental exploitation.

Recyclability offers people new revenue opportunities. It creates new commercial possibilities.

2. Health

Long-term rubbish accumulation and storage can release hazardous substances that are harmful to one’s health. Skin irritations, growth issues, reproductive issues, respiratory issues, and blood infections can all result from exposure to such garbage.

Waste management aids in the decrease of these dangerous ailments. Additionally, it enhances neighborhood and public health conditions by enhancing cleanliness, eliminating mosquito breeding grounds, and lowering air pollution through garbage burning.

3. Changing Climate

Many companies release smoke and effluents directly into the atmosphere without first filtering or treating them. Sometimes individuals choose to dispose of their waste by burning it. Due to all of these activities, more greenhouse gases are produced, which contributes to global warming and has an impact on the ozone layer.

Proper Waste Management employs a variety of methods, including filters, liners, and incinerators, to ensure that these hazardous substances are kept apart from smoke and other effluents and prevented from escaping into the atmosphere.

4. Earning money

If you live in a neighborhood where there are mountains of trash, you may organize a group of individuals to work together on your waste collecting company. Many businesses and residents are prepared to pay someone to dispose of their rubbish. Additionally, you may recycle trash to create valuable items that you can then sell. This will assist not only in cleaning up your cities but may also be a significant step in regreening our world.

Elections provide individuals a chance to express their opinions and vote for the candidate whose objectives and views most closely align with their own. Elections in Nigeria have been held since before the country gained its independence from British rule and it is still being held to this day.

What is an election?

An election is the process of voting or casting a ballow to choose someone to be their political leader or representative in government. The majority of people in a democracy may effect changes by exercising their right to vote.
When the government decides to have elections, the people get their chance to choose who leads them. Politicians must convince the public to support them in order to win an election. Each political party must identify its policies and outline what they would carry out if elected.

Characteristics of election in Nigeria

1. The active participation of everyone in a genuine election

The election must be actively participated in by a sizable proportion of eligible citizens. This process must be deliberate, under fair conditions, and with a range of political liberties.

2. Political liberties

In a democracy, people should be able to organize citizens’ associations and assemblies based on collaboration, sharing of interests, and participation.

3. Democratic freedom

People’s opinions and the right of everyone to participate in the electoral process should serve as the foundation for free and fair elections.

4. Acceptance of the election results

If the election process was free, fair, and competitive with appropriate management and monitoring measures, the results should be accepted by all players for the sustainability and stability of the government.

5. Adherence to all democratic principles

The objective of democratic principles is to ensure and advance democratic thought.

Importance of election in Nigeria

1. Legitimacy

An election provides a leader with the legitimacy to govern a people. Without an election, a leader is basically forced on the people and this may lead to chaos.

What justifications may be used to adopt authority, directions, decisions, and rulers, and what sources are used to lead the competent authority?
A democratic election must be founded on the opinion and free will of people in order to work well. In other words, a democracy’s legitimacy depends on the idea of its citizens’ unfettered consent, which is frequently defined through the election process and the rules that provide candidates for office the power and capability to make choices.

2. Political Stability

The most important human and social needs and the main reasons for the formation of political society are peace, relaxation and individual and social interests. As was already said, the majority of social theorists have concentrated on this endeavor to create a political structure. As a result, for human potential and abilities to be realized in an individual’s and society’s environment as well as to advance human goals, order, peace, and stability in a political system are prerequisites.

On this foundation, one of the primary roles and responsibilities of a government is to maintain social peace and political stability. Elections are crucial because they have a big impact on societal harmony and political stability.

3. Regulating the assignment of the elected or public positions

The regulation of the transfer of political power from one group to another is one of elections’ most significant roles. As a result, the fear of totalitarianism, tyranny, or enjoying privileged privileges and an authoritarian political system mostly vanishes. Therefore, no one has the authority to cede sovereignty to a specific person or organization. Therefore, everyone in charge of society’s political administration recognizes that only via fair elections can the people will be represented in the exercise of power.

4. Election and Selection

A democratic system is a system that is formed by the people. In other words, when all citizens have an equal opportunity to hold public office, legislators and governors acquire the power and authority to govern the nation at the whim and with the agreement of the people. On the other hand, exercising the right to vote and make choices necessitates having preferences, alternatives, and a variety of possibilities. Making such a decision requires education from both legal and non-legal institutions as well as sufficient knowledge.

5. Controlling political power

Controlling the power and preventing tyranny and dictatorship rulers has always been one of the main concerns of humanity throughout history. This includes averting tyranny and dictatorial rulers.

Experience has shown that more patriarchal tyranny has been practiced by regimes that were established without a broad public basis and with no one’s permission. Elections are one of the many ways that the alternation of power is possible in democratic systems.

Therefore, if there are tyrants, they will not be elected by the people and will be moved in the direction of societal values and norms. There is a second chance for them to be elected by the people. Recognizing the agency of government and practicing interim governance are both necessary for accepting the reality.

The importance of elections (Summary)

Leadership selection

Nigerian citizens may select their leaders through elections. They accomplish this by casting a ballot in favor of the candidate or party whose viewpoints they find appealing. This guarantees that the chosen candidates represent the will of the people.

Change of leadership

In Nigeria, elections provide a forum for the populace to express their displeasure with the current government. Citizens show that they have the last say by casting their votes for other parties and aiding in the election of a different administration.

Election participation

New topics might be brought forward in public during elections. Nigerian citizens are free to run for office either alone or by founding a new political party if they want to bring about reforms that are not on the agenda of any of the parties.

Self-correction

Because elections are a routine event that takes place in Nigeria every four years, the ruling parties are held in check and forced to take the needs of the populace into consideration. Political parties can use this as a self-corrective method to evaluate their performance and please the electorate.

One of the most widely used social networking sites is TikTok. The growth rate that has been observed has surpassed Instagram, which was already fairly difficult to surpass. You’re in the correct place, though, if you’re looking for some helpful advice for yourself. We’ll talk about the top 11 vogue techniques to increase your TikTok following in 2022.

You’ve probably tried different TikTok tactics, but they didn’t quite work for you. Due to this, we are going to provide you with surefire tips. These recommendations have been distilled from years of research, making them incredibly trustworthy as data points.

11 ways guaranteed to get you more following on tiktok

1. Get the hang of the app.

According to a really interesting quotation, people will never find you intriguing if you don’t feel interesting. Here is an explanation if you’re unclear about how that relates to TikTok.

The easiest way to put any fears to rest is to become proficient with TikTok. The majority of TikTok creators are uncertain about the kind of material they should produce. This either occurs because they decide to become a TikTok influencer too quickly or because they are only here to win over followers.

Anyhow, if you do one of those, you’ll get stuck in a TikTok ditch. You must personally investigate the platform in order to steer clear of this scenario. Get out and see what is and is not effective. What you can improve upon and what you find objectionable. You are only prepared to start once you have determined the answers to these questions for yourself.

Find strategies to promote your brand to the public. Examine other brands’ methods to see what originality you may bring to the table. When you have that worked out, you can go on to tip two.

2. Every video uploaded

This statement stands on its own. How will people find your TikTok videos if you don’t provide enough content? You should create a schedule even though you don’t have to post videos every day. An excellent place to start is by posting once every other day or once each week.

People who follow your account anticipate seeing more content. You will lose TikTok followers if you haven’t posted in months.

3. Include modern music that is trending.

TikTok’s foundation is music. Why not utilize the app, which puts a vast music collection at your fingertips? Heavy metal or The Beatles may be your favorite musical genre, but sadly, those kinds of songs rarely get views on TikTok.

Use the most popular music in your videos because TikTok lives on trends. View the For You Page on TikTok to observe the different song genres that individuals have incorporated. To identify a song you like, click the vinyl record icon in the bottom-right corner of the screen.

4. Make duets

Working together with other TikTok users is a terrific way to increase your following and make your work more accessible to new audiences. With TikTok’s duet feature, you may perform with another user without needing to actually meet them.

It’s preferable to collaborate on duets with other users who have a comparable number of followers. If you have 50 followers, consider working with a user who has a similar number. You can start performing with more well-known users as you earn more followers.

5. Choosing the right audience is important.

The following part, however, is not so simple. “This will take years of hard work and dedication.” You must have a time machine if you want us to say that. No one from this generation would have waited, therefore.

All you need to do to find a genuine solution is to look. You can discover the correct audience by looking in the appropriate places at the appropriate times. We don’t believe we have ever used the word “right” in a phrase that many times before. Let’s examine what the proper audience actually looks like since we’re talking about it since it is the right audience. Does this group of folks communicate in an amusing manner?

Or perhaps it’s a group of individuals dressed similarly! Whatever it is, the appropriate audience most definitely isn’t that. The kind of audience you want your material to attract is the right audience. They are the kind of users on TikTok who will value your storytelling eye.

According to the overall statistics, the majority of TikTok users are under 30, which leaves little opportunity for anything other than kid-friendly entertainment. However, while you’re there, glance at the followers of your favorite creators. The people there are your “possible right audience,” so to speak.

6. Investigate New Trends

You must provide them with substance once you have “eureka-d” your way to the appropriate audience. You’ll almost always find yourself in a situation where you don’t have enough. Where trends come in is here.

Trends are the answer if you want to publish low-effort material without it hurting your engagement statistics. Trends are essentially popular TikToks that have emerged as a result of the dearth of original content. However, you do not want that kind of branding on your work.

Pick out a few trends and skim them if you want filler material. To avoid appearing as though you are inventing the wheel, add a little of your own flavor to the mixture. You’re in the clear if you can follow these unwritten rules of TikTok.

7. Aim to produce original content.

It’s time to start making your own content once you’ve recovered from your layoff slump. To stand out on TikTok, original content must be produced.

Original material requires coming up with an idea, practicing the sequence, and carrying it out flawlessly. If you’re not used to this kind of regimen, it could be exhausting.

However, creating fresh material is crucial if you want your TikTok to expand. Because their audience only expects them to follow trends, those who follow trends lose their creative independence. You wouldn’t want it to be your end, aren’t we certain?

8. Have a sense of style

Keeping an eye on your style is the best approach to increasing your TikTok following. This might be a specific editing style or a theme for your TikTok profile.

These aesthetics are typically visually stimulating style elements that blend in with your personality to support your content. When you’re on a platform with teenagers as your audience, having an aesthetic is helpful.

9. Apply Hashtags

An extremely smart way to increase your discoverability is by using hashtags. By using hashtags, you can increase your visibility to the potential target population we discussed in the second step. In any case, hashtags aid the platform in organizing and categorizing the material. This is how you can be certain to locate readers that enjoy the kind of information you produce.

10. To get more followers, follow other people.

Often, growing your network is as simple as following other people. When you follow someone, it makes them curious to look at your profile. Try looking for profiles that are similar to yours to improve your chances of receiving a follow-up.

You can delve deeper into your own TikTok community by interacting with comparable users and content. You’ll increase your engagement by expanding your TikTok community.

11. Improve Your Photography Skills

Learn the fundamentals of photography and hone your camera abilities (even if you’re simply using your smartphone’s camera) if you want to create films like popular TikTok users. By honing your talents, you may start producing videos that appear more professional.

Make sure to clear the area of any distractions before you begin filming. That entails organizing your space or finding a more tranquil location.

CONCLUSION

The practical suggestions listed above may be useful if you want to increase your TikTok following. These pointers come from the typical practices of highly compensated TikTok influencers. There is sufficient proof that these suggestions work. This is why we urge you to incorporate them into your TikTok marketing plan. You’ll gain an advantage over other creators in your field thanks to this. Scroll on and spread the news until then.

One of the earliest communities in West Africa is the Nok culture. The only reason historians refer to this culture as the Nok culture is because their material remains bear the name of the hamlet of Nok in Kaduna state, Nigeria.

The distinctive terracotta figures and the pioneering use of iron are two characteristics of the Nok culture. The ceramics and ironwork of the Nok were well-known. The Nok culture, for example, has much to do with modern cultures. This culture had a significant historical impact on Nigeria. The relevance of Nok culture in Nigerian history will be thoroughly examined in this article.

The Noks are significant for being one of the very few civilizations in the world that transitioned from stone tools straight to iron tools without first learning how to make copper or bronze tools.

The historical importance of the Nok culture in Nigeria

The Nok terracotta

Around 1500 BC, the Nok civilization first emerged in Nigeria. It vanished around 500 AD for unknown reasons. Samun Dukiya, Taruga, Jema’a, and Nok villages were among their principal locations. Colonel Dent Yong, who was a co-owner of a mining company close to the hamlet of Nok in Kaduna state, Nigeria, discovered the first Nok terracotta in 1928.

A man uncovered a terracotta skull in 1943 while mining for tin near the Nok hamlet near the Jos Plateau region of Nigeria. The evidence of the first known symbolic statuary was suggested by this ceramic head.

Then, this man went to an archaeologist by the name of Bernard Fagg and informed him about several antiquities that were peculiar. Later, Bernard Fagg and his companions realized they belonged to the Nok culture since they had many of the distinctive characteristics of Nok antiques, like terracotta figurines with human and animal motifs.

Nok terracottas were distributed throughout the Sahel plains as a result of natural erosion and residue. These terracottas were saved as a collection of stray parts. Because of this, Nok art is best known for its heads.

The impact of water erosion is the cause of the fragmented state of the Nok sculptures. They had been discovered in fragments. They were covered and polished as well. Fortunately, despite the erosion, two sites where Nok art may be found are Samun Dukiya and Taruga.

The essential features of the Nok human antiques

The majority of these Nok antiques were terracotta figures of human heads and other animal and human motifs. The human faces’ oval or triangular-shaped eyes are one way to recognize Nok antiques.

The human emblems also have elaborate hairdos. Another method to recognize these Nok antiquities is through images of seated people with their hands on their knees. The Nok pictures typically have human heads that are proportionately larger than their bodies.

Since there are insufficient details about Nok culture to explain this specific imbalance in the appearance of the human picture, it is unknown why this is the case. However, later African art traditions have determined that this denotes respect for intelligence.

The Nok Culture’s Iron Technology

There are traces of ironworking dating back to earlier generations in the Nok region. Some iron-smelting furnaces were discovered in Taruga, a community in northern Nigeria. Ironworkers were a specialty of the Nok people. Additionally, numerous Nok artifacts made of iron were discovered. Farming tools and weaponry are among these iron relics.

Given the significance of ironworking to the Nok, one may assume that this aspect of their culture is the most well-liked. The Nok art is what led archaeologists to the area of the Nok where their materials were placed.

What was found out about the NOK culture

When archaeologists examined the clay the Nok people used to create their statues, they discovered that it all originated from a single main source, which suggests that a central authority oversaw the supply of clay. According to other discoveries, the Nok people were also found to have employed stone tools in addition to metal ones. This particular discovery implied that inadequate metal materials existed.

The Nok people were also found to be noteworthy for being one of the world’s first few societies to go from using stone tools to using iron tools without first knowing how to produce bronze or copper implements.

Agriculture in the Nok Culture

Like the inhabitants of the Chad Basin and the Kintampo culture, the Nok culture practiced mixed crop farming. They were growing fatty fruits, pearl millet, and cowpeas. During this time, various plant species, including cowpeas, pearl millet in Pangwari, and other crops, were domesticated and first planted. The Nok people presumably came into central Nigeria between 1500 and 900 BCE, bringing with them the knowledge of how to cultivate domesticated pearl millet.

Almost all Nok sites have charred plant remains that were used as cooking fuel and plant matter. Cowpeas, which have a high protein content, are grown in some regions. We only currently know that the Nok people were growing cowpeas and pearl millet.

The grains may have been turned into flour because many grinding stones were found at the Nok sites. Then they started preparing a type of porridge with it. The Nok people also used hunting and gathering as a means of subsistence.

Recent discoveries regarding the Nok culture.

It has been uncovered that the Nok terracotta figures have been extensively plundered since the 1970s. It was determined that in 1994, the Nok cultural area began to scale up these terracotta figurines.

Two significant local vendors emerged by 1995. An estimated 1,000 diggers were employed by each of the major traders to dig this terracotta every day. Even though the majority of the terracotta statues were broken, some of them were still intact and sellable.

All these factors have caused hundreds of Nok cultural sites to be used illegally. These areas have been unlawfully excavated in an effort to find these Nok terracotta figures so they can be sold. The illicit exploitation of Nok cultural sites has resulted in the loss of important knowledge about the Nok way of life. The archaeological remnants of these clay statues are lost when they are dug up.

These Nok terracotta figurines have been very sought-after in recent years on the global art market. As a result of the constant excavation of the artifacts, the record of the environments in which the antiquities were buried has been lost.

Descendants of the Nok culture

These include those with which the Nok civilization has aesthetic and cultural affinities. The Dakakari and Yoruba peoples, who speak Niger-Congo, may be descendants of the Nok people, as are Sokoto and Katsina. Additionally, there is evidence that the Nok culture was preserved by the aesthetic resemblances between the bronze statuettes of the Yoruba Kingdom of Ife and the Bini Kingdom of Benin with the Nok terra cotta.

Since the Ife people were known for elaborate and lifelike metal statues of human heads, just like the Nok people, it is thought that Nok art had an impact on the metalwork of the Ife kingdom.

Significance of the Nok Culture

The art and culture of the Nok may have influenced succeeding societies in the wooded areas along the Niger River. The nineteenth century CE in Igbo-Ukwu and the eleventh to fifteenth century CE in Ife are the most noteworthy examples of this. Undoubtedly, the discovery of the wonderful works of art from the Nok civilization provided a helpful example.

This persuaded any remaining doubters that the contributions to those later societies were made by native black Africans. The existing ambiguous connections between significant West African societies may become more firmly established if archaeology deliberately and slowly increases our understanding of them and lengthens their historical periods.

Conclusion

What happened to the Nok is unknown to us. They seem to have abandoned their terracotta aesthetic around 100 CE. They might be the ancestors of the Yoruba culture that exists today in Nigeria.

In addition to Ghana and Mali, the Nok, in our opinion, was one of several highly developed cultures in this area. But we don’t know much about them. Despite this, we are always learning new things about this time in African history.

The most popular and sophisticated method of human communication is language. People communicate, exchange ideas, and express their emotions through language. Man would be incapable of continuous, goal-oriented thought without language.
Nigeria is a country with a variety of ethnic and cultural groups.

Regardless of differences in ethnicity or culture, the English language has developed into a suitable means of connection and communication. In Nigeria, English is the language of everyday communication. It would have been challenging to communicate without the use of English.

Being the official language of Nigeria, English must be learned and spoken by all of its citizens. Nigerians are able to coexist peacefully despite their cultural diversity thanks to the English language. It is impossible to overstate the value of the English language in Nigeria. The significance of the English language in Nigeria will be thoroughly discussed in this article.

The following is a discussion of the significance of the English language in Nigeria:

1. It’s the academic language

The study of English is crucial in the sphere of education. Children are instructed in and encouraged to pick up English as a second language in many different nations. We will find that many science and engineering syllabi are written in English, even in nations where it is not an official language, like the Netherlands or Sweden.

Additionally, many people believe that English is the language of higher education. English-speaking institutions make up several of the top universities on the globe. Most research studies you encounter in any particular scientific sector will also be written in English since it is the language of choice for worldwide scientific research.

To make the course material more accessible to overseas students, university students in many nations study nearly all of their topics in English.

2. A communication medium

The English language is utilized in Nigeria to communicate with both members of the local community and visitors from other nations. People need to be able to communicate with one another in this global age.

International communication is influenced by the English language. One person cannot learn all the 6500 languages spoken around the world. It is possible to speak with people from all over the world using the English language. It is referred to as the nation’s lingua franca.

In Nigeria, English is not only utilized for verbal communication; it is also used for written communication. Due to its widespread use in villages, towns, and cities throughout the nation, English eliminates language barriers. This has made it feasible for Nigerians from various ethnic groups to communicate with one another.

In Nigeria, a person is regarded as illiterate or only partially literate if they are unable to speak English fluently.

3. For International Travel

Traveling the world is made simpler by having a solid command of English communication. Being able to communicate in English makes it simple to acquire aid and support in many places of the world because it is the primary international language spoken by foreigners.

After all, compared to other languages, English is the only one where roughly one in five individuals can speak or understand a language at least somewhat. Examining online travel alternatives will allow you to verify this; English is always an available booking option on any travel website you can locate. Additionally, knowing it will help you get around in places like airports and other transportation hubs.

In addition to being helpful for tourists, English is also widely used for international gatherings like the Olympics and numerous conferences and sporting events. Almost wherever you go, whether for work or play, it is useful. Even if you aren’t trying to get better at understanding English as a whole, you could find it useful to learn a few phrases before going there to make it easier for you to navigate.

4. Teaching  in the education sector

English is a language that is taught and learned in schools in Nigeria. From early childhood centers to post-secondary schools, it is utilized to teach children and students. Additionally, English as a subject is regarded as significant and required of all students in Nigerian schools.

For instance, in Nigeria, passing the English language test is a requirement for admission to postsecondary institutions. Additionally, failing the Use of English as a Course prevents students from graduating from postsecondary institutions. This demonstrates the significance of the English language in Nigeria.

Learning English as a second language has several advantages for education. Better work prospects, higher family income, more productivity, better social relationships, and a higher standard of living are all made available to people because of it. Outside of formal educational institutions of learning, the Nigerian professional class also uses the English language as a forum for opinion exchange.

Churches also instruct their congregations in doctrine using the English language. In other words, churches in Nigeria employ the English language as a teaching and learning medium.

5. It is used in the Technology and science fields

The usage of the English language has enabled science and technological growth in Nigeria. In the fields of medical, research, ICT, and other manufacturing areas, English is widely used. The majority of scientific and chemical names are currently written in English.

6. For Commerce

The English language is used in every transaction made in the Nigerian economy’s commerce and industry sectors. The major players and participants in this field attend a variety of seminars, conferences, and workshops to increase their knowledge and abilities in order to function at a high level in the business and industrial sectors. All of this is done to boost the economy of Nigeria. These workshops and seminars are conducted in English. The language used in business meetings is also English.

7. International trade and the Government

The English language is employed in government institutions and establishments for official business. Between government agencies, English is the language of communication. It is employed to guarantee the efficient operation of government operations. Public employees save both hardcopy and digital documents containing information. These papers have all been authored in English. Circulars and memoranda issued by the government are always written in English.

The government uses English to conduct international business. The English language is used by the government in all of its international economic dealings. The idea of a global village is currently prevalent. To boost their economies, various nations conduct business internationally. For instance, the English language is utilized in international economic operations when Nigeria wants to export crude oil to other nations and import finished goods from other nations.

8. In the media

We are all aware of how important the media is to a nation’s progress. Nigeria is also included. In order to inform the public about societal events as well as governmental actions, the English language is used in a variety of media channels. Through print or electronic media, the general public is kept regularly updated about events in the Nigerian community.

9. English Is the Common Language Around the World

For a number of reasons, the English language is crucial for communication in our time. First of all, English is a very popular second language in many cultures, even among individuals who do not speak it as their first language. This indicates that when two people from different nations (for instance, a Mexican and a Swede) speak, they frequently do it in English.

I believe that learning the language is essential for everyone who wants to communicate internationally. You can interact with people from all over the world, not simply those whose native tongue is English, by speaking it. That holds true whether you’re on the road, conducting business, or interacting with people online.

Nigeria’s land borders with Benin, Togo, Niger, Cameroon, and Chad were temporarily blocked on August 20, 2019, due to a high level of smuggling of goods into the nation, particularly staple foods including rice, cooking oil, poultry, tomatoes, flour, and pasta. There are no further limitations on the import and export of products over land borders.

The authorities closed the border because rice was being smuggled into the nation. Unsurprisingly, rice has established itself as a subject of ongoing national discussion because it is one of the key national staple foods. It is impossible to talk about the land border closure without mentioning rice, given its enormous demand, lack of domestic supply to satisfy needs, cultural veneration, and taste preferences.

The domestic demand for rice in Nigeria alone is estimated by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) to be 7.3 million metric tonnes. Presently, 4.8 million metric tonnes are produced locally year. There were also unauthorized exports of cheaper, subsidized gasoline from Nigeria to its neighbors.

Nigeria’s land borders being closed has so far increased the government’s revenue in a variety of ways. Because of the border closure, more taxes are now being collected on the larger amount of merchandise entering the nation lawfully through the ports. The following  are the importance of border closure in Nigeria:

The closing of the border has made it easier to control the flow of substandard goods into Nigeria

Nigeria as a nation lacks the resources and know-how necessary to adequately monitor activity near its land borders and keep an open border system. Both the National Immigration Commission and the Nigerian Customs Service lack the necessary equipment and expertise to effectively monitor the operations along Nigeria’s border. As a result, the nation’s border gates were left open, allowing foreigners and citizens to take advantage of the free trade agreements to carry out criminal operations like smuggling contraband goods, drugs, food products like rice and chicken, fuel, and other commodities.

Before Nigeria implemented a tight border policy, the nation saw a catastrophic influx of subpar items entering its territory. The Benin Republic’s western border was a major source of worry. Most agricultural goods, including rice, were smuggled into Nigeria in significant quantities from the Benin Republic. The majority of the rice transported into the Benin Republic from Asia was smuggled into Nigeria through the nation’s unguarded borders.

These rice bags were being smuggled illegally as well. Additionally, they were of poor and inferior quality. The Nigerian Governors Forum complained to the federal government about the poor and subpar quality of rice at local markets in Nigeria at some point in 2017. They pointed out that the bags of rice were of poor quality because they had either been officially rejected in their nations or had lingered too long in storage before being smuggled into Nigeria.

However, it has been noted that the importation of subpar items into Nigeria has significantly decreased since the closed border policy there was adopted and put into effect. The border shutdown has assisted in reducing the number of inferior items entering the nation.

The Nigerian economy has also been helped by border closures.

The safety and welfare of a nation’s residents falls completely under the jurisdiction of the government. The closure of the nation’s land borders was motivated by a desire to fulfill this obligation that the Nigerian government owes its citizens. The Nigerian administration has made significant progress since the borders were shut. These successes include a rise in employment opportunities and a tremendous growth in the production and sale of domestic goods. The government’s income from legally imported commodities has increased as a result of the implementation of the closed border policy.

These successes also include a decrease in the rate of fuel subsidies and a decrease in the rate of smuggling of commodities into the nation. Additionally, the implementation of the closed border policy has resulted in the development of mills of all sizes. These mills were built in order to ensure that rice was produced domestically and that the gap left by the border closure was filled. This has been made feasible by an increase in both the demand for and procurement of local rice.

Since the implementation of the closed border policy, the rate of fuel subsidies has also decreased because the illicit exports of subsidized fuel from Nigeria are now thoroughly investigated and prohibited. In recent years, there have been more rice farmers. The number of well-established businesses is likewise increasing.

Formally, the ongoing smuggling of rice and poultry goods prevented rice millers and poultry producers from making sales. They are currently experiencing phenomenal sales, which has aided in the creation of jobs for individuals. In other words, there is undeniable evidence that the Nigerian economy has improved since the closed border policy was implemented.

Due to the border closure, the Nigerian market is no longer subject to unfair competition.

Formally, the manufacturing sector of the nation faced challenges from unrestrained competition, particularly from imported goods. Additionally, illegal products entering the nation through its land borders weren’t carefully examined to make sure they had paid the correct import taxes and tariffs. Due to this, the prices at which these illegally imported or even locally produced goods were sold were cheaper than those of legal imports. Even though the smuggled items are of poor quality, the price disparity between them and the legally imported and locally produced goods creates a competitive environment that benefits the smuggled goods.

Furthermore, the market appeared to favor the vendors of such low-quality, illegally imported goods since Nigerians appeared to prefer imported rice to locally produced rice. Prior to the implementation of the closed border policy in Nigeria, local rice production was in relatively low demand. However, since the policy’s implementation, Nigeria’s rice production has increased significantly.

The introduction of this practice has also accelerated the demand for locally grown rice. Therefore, it is accurate to claim that the Nigerian border closure has assisted in reducing unjust competition in the Nigerian market. Additionally, this has boosted the number of people buying locally made goods. Due to the rise in demand for regional poultry, local poultry farmers have also had cause for celebration.