If you’ve ventured into the realms of the internet or immersed yourself in popular culture, you, just like myself, might have encountered the African Mudhut narrative – a narrative often wielded as a tool to insult or diminish African people and their history.
While its prevalence seems to be diminishing, the implications of the Mudhut narrative extend beyond a mere negative undertone; it diminishes the brilliance, ingenuity, and diversity of African architecture. Today, I will shed light on this issue and celebrate the rich tapestry of African architectural history.
Setting the Stage: Origins of the Mudhut Narrative
In this exploration I will take you on, we’ll primarily focus on Western and Southern Africa, where the Mudhut narrative has historically cast a shadow over the true magnificence of African architecture. To understand the roots of this narrative, we turn to Scholar Labelle Prussin’s insights into the European perception of West African architecture.
Prussin suggests that early European views of African architecture were heavily influenced by observations along a narrow strip of tropical coastline. This limited perspective led to a foundational bias that persisted, potentially contributing to the development of the Mudhut narrative. Despite the need for more evidence, it’s undeniable that Europe’s early disinterest in earthen African construction during this period had a lasting impact.
Beyond First Impressions: Appreciating African Ingenuity
Diving beyond these early notions, we uncover the ingenuity embedded in traditional African architecture. According to the Encyclopedia of African History, climatic conditions, natural resources, and sedentary habits played pivotal roles in shaping traditional African architecture. The circular form of earthen construction, observed by early European eyes, was perfectly suited to its environment.
Unlike the rectangular structures of Western architecture, the circular design concentrated thermal radiation in a central enclosed interior space.
This choice, coupled with limited openings, showcased a deep understanding of climate adaptation. The savanna builders intentionally shunned excessive ventilation, maximizing the thermal properties offered by the thick earthen walls.
Nomadic Wisdom: Circular Designs for Mobile Populations
Consideration for the needs of nomadic populations adds another layer to the narrative. Scholar Chancellor Williams explains how the architecture of nomadic African populations was influenced by the probability of permanent settlement or sudden flight. Their ability to build large, sturdy compound homes and easily demolished huts showcased a practicality deeply rooted in their lifestyle.
European Recognition: Mimicking African Architectural Themes
Ironically, those who perpetuated the devaluation of African architecture might be surprised to learn that European colonial settlements along the African coast began emulating traditional African architectural themes.
British and French colonial settlers recognized the merit of indigenous solutions to climatic comfort, inspiring the construction of expatriate mansions with raised structures and louvered doors. This emulation can still be witnessed in cities like Abidjan, Accra, Lagos, and Dakar.
Diversity Unveiled: More Than Mud Huts
The Mudhut narrative falls short of acknowledging the vast diversity of African architectural forms. The structures and beauty of African buildings were apparent to foreign observers. For instance, the Ashanti Palace with its courtyards and apartments, the domed buildings of the Wogato Empire, and the medieval palace of Gao in Mali all challenge the stereotype.
A Glimpse into History: Great Zimbabwe’s Grandeur
The historical perspective reveals that structures like Great Zimbabwe left such an impression on European observers that they were likened to the Acropolis of ancient Greece. Cecil Rhodes and followers recognized the architectural brilliance of Great Zimbabwe, challenging the intellectual validity of the Mudhut narrative.
Celebrating African Architectural Heritage
In conclusion, the Mudhut narrative not only misrepresents traditional earthen structures but also attempts to rob Africa of its architectural diversity, beauty, and ingenuity. It’s crucial to place earthen structures in their cultural and environmental context, appreciating the vast diversity of African architecture.
As we reflect on the rich tapestry of African history, let’s remember the importance of knowing ourselves and honoring our ancestors.
Author
Abbey Johnson has a Masters degree as an engineer and has over 3 years of teaching and research experience. He is happiest when on a bike and is also interested in electric energy and computer Science.